Les projets informatiques ont besoin d’un cadre contractuel clair et précis. L’approche traditionnelle (Waterfall) préconise dès lors une définition des spécifications des services ou livrables à fournir lors de la conclusion du contrat.
Cette vision traditionnelle, qui présente l’avantage de délimiter avec précision l’objet du contrat dès sa signature, se heurte toutefois au besoin de flexibilité inhérent aux projets informatiques. Il n’est ainsi pas rare que les attentes du client évoluent en cours de réalisation du projet (évolution des besoins ou contraintes externes, évaluation des livrables intermédiaires qui modifie la perception par le client de ses besoins…).
C’est dans ce contexte que le manifeste Agile a été adopté, afin de promouvoir une gestion de projets qui soit davantage basée sur les interactions entre le client et le fournisseur et la flexibilité. Ce manifeste s’est décliné en méthodes de gestion de projets qui découpent la phase de développement en cycles courts lors desquels des interactions client-prestataire sont organisées afin d’évaluer la correspondance du travail fourni avec les attentes du client. Le processus Agile permet aussi au client de régulièrement mettre à jour ses attentes, afin que le livrable final en soit aussi proche que possible.
Ces interactions et la souplesse induite par les méthodes Agile posent des questions juridiques qu’il ne faut pas négliger lors de la rédaction et négociation des contrats. En effet, les contrats « standards » peuvent présenter des lacunes ou incohérences par rapport aux méthodes Agile, avec pour conséquence que les obligations des parties soient sujet à interprétation en cas de litige. Le contrat manque alors à son objectif fondamental de sécurité juridique.
Pour un aperçu de quelques points clés pour les contrats portant sur un projet conduit selon les méthodes Agile, voyez les actualités ci-dessous.
Afin de sécuriser le recours aux méthodes Agile, il est recommandé de répercuter les spécificités Agile dans les clauses contractuelles.
Le cabinet compte parmi ses membres des avocats spécialisés dans l’accompagnement juridique des projets Agile (certification en gestion de projets Agile). Ils peuvent vous conseiller et vous guider tout au long de votre projet, y compris en cas de difficulté d’exécution.
Les slides du webinaire présenté par Alexandre CRUQUENAIRE le 2 juin 2021 sur les méthodes Agile sont consultables ici.
Pour des informations complémentaires sur les méthodes Agile et leur encadrement contractuel, vous pouvez télécharger gratuitement notre livre blanc ⇒
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